All-solid-state batteries
High-quality battery technology that dramatically boosts the performance of EVs
In
its
long-term
vision,
Nissan
Ambition
2030,
Nissan
announced
that,
by
FY2028,
it
aims
to
launch
an
electric
vehicle
(EV)
with
all-solid-state
batteries
(ASSBs)
that
have
been
developed
in-house.
ASSBs
are
expected
to
be
a
game-changing
technology
for
accelerating
the
popularity
of
EVs.
They
have
the
potential
for
energy
densities
approximately
twice
that
of
conventional
lithium-ion
batteries,
significantly
shorter
charging
time
due
to
superior
charge/discharge
performance,
and
lower
cost
realized
by
using
less
expensive
materials.
With
these
benefits,
Nissan
expects
to
use
ASSBs
in
a
wide
range
of
vehicle
segments,
including
pickup
trucks,
making
its
EVs
more
competitive.
Nissan
is
conducting
a
wide
range
of
R&D
activities,
from
molecular-level
battery
material
research
to
electric
vehicle
development,
and
even
city
development
using
EVs
as
storage
batteries.
Utilizing
the
knowledge
gained
from
past
experience,
and
our
own
prototype
production
facilities
for
all-solid-state
batteries,
we
will
be
stepping
up
development
with
the
goal
of
practical
implementation.
Basic operation of a lithium-ion battery
A
lithium-ion
battery
is
charged
by
lithium
ions
moving
from
the
positive
electrode
(cathode)
to
the
negative
electrode
(anode)
and
then
discharged
by
them
moving
from
the
negative
electrode
(anode)
to
the
positive
electrode
(cathode).
The
cathode
and
anode
act
as
lithium
storage
and
affect
energy
capacity.
The
more
lithium
that
can
be
stored,
the
greater
the
battery's
capacity.
In
addition,
the
electrolyte
also
has
a
significant
impact
on
the
speed
at
which
lithium
ions
move,
with
faster
lithium-ion
movement
contributing
to
higher
battery
output
and
shorter
battery
charging
times.

Cathode/Anode:
Lithium-ion
storage
=
Factor
affecting
energy
capacity
Electrolyte:
Lithium-ion
movement
rate
=
Factor
affecting
battery
output
and
battery
charging
times
Compositional differences between liquid lithium-ion batteries and ASSBs
Liquid
lithium-ion
batteries
use
a
liquid
(an
organic
solvent)
as
the
electrolyte.
While
liquid
electrolyte
can
easily
penetrate
inside
the
cathode/anode
and
conduct
lithium,
high
temperatures
accelerate
the
chemical
deterioration
of
the
electrolyte,
and
the
flammability
of
organic
solvents
can
cause
accidents,
such
as
ignition,
in
the
event
of
a
malfunction.
On
the
other
hand,
the
electrolyte
in
an
ASSB
is
solid,
is
not
volatile
or
flammable,
is
generally
said
to
be
highly
safe,
is
robust
to
temperature,
and
is
resistant
to
deterioration.

Technical characteristics of ASSBs
Because
liquid
electrolytes
use
organic
solvents,
which
have
low
boiling
points
and
high
volatility,
there
are
operating
temperature
limits
for
charging
and
driving.
However,
ASSBs
do
not
use
liquid
electrolytes,
so
they
have
high
operating
temperature
limits
and
have
excellent
fast-charging
performance.
With
liquid
electrolytes,
there
are
restrictions
on
the
materials
that
can
be
selected
due
to
side
reactions
with
the
cathode
and
anode
materials,
but
with
solid
electrolytes,
there
are
fewer
side
reactions
because
of
their
solid
nature,
allowing
for
more
combinations
of
materials.
This
makes
it
possible
to
select
cathode
materials
with
lower
costs
and
anode
materials
with
higher
energy
density.
Towards the practical application of ASSBs
Despite
their
outstanding
technical
characteristics,
there
are
a
variety
of
issues
in
the
practical
application
of
ASSBs.
For
example,
because
a
solid
electrolyte
takes
the
place
of
the
electrolyte
solution
in
an
ASSB,
the
cathode/anode
materials
and
the
solid
electrolyte
must
be
uniformly
distributed,
the
interface
between
the
materials
(formed
between
solids)
must
be
maintained,
and
it
is
essential
to
select
materials
that
meet
these
conditions.
Additionally,
in
cell
design,
it
is
necessary
to
design
surface
pressures
to
maintain
these
conditions.
Furthermore,
it
is
critical
to
find
conditions
for
uniform
mixing
in
the
production
process.
In
order
to
solve
these
problems,
Nissan
is
taking
a
principles-based
approach
while
conducting
joint
research
with
global
experts
in
a
variety
of
fields,
such
as
identifying
materials
that
use
advanced
computational
science,
incorporating
theoretically-derived
ideal
materials
into
production-capable
materials,
and
analyzing
phenomenon
that
occur
in
prototype
batteries,
etc.

Nissan's prototype production facility for ASSBs


