Test Technologies Contributing to Electrification4. Virtual–Real, Simulator–Test Technology for Optimizing Electric Powertrain Performance Without Using an Actual 1. Introduction2. Development process and test system2.1 Development processFig. 1: Schematic of powertrain development process 2.2 Overview of VRS test system(V-shaped process)*Powertrain Test Engineering Department **Powertrain and EV Advanced Engineering DepartmentThere is a need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from automobiles to respond to global environmental issues and prevent global warming. To this end, automobile companies have been rushing to develop and commercialize sources. These developments include hybrid vehicles that combine a conventional engine and a motor for driving and battery electric vehicles (BEV) that run with only a motor for driving. Unlike conventional vehicles that operate with only an engine, the development of vehicles with electrified powertrains is still in the nascent stage. Therefore, there is room to improve the efficiency of different processes and evaluation items. One such example is development of electric powertrains using prototype vehicles in a downstream process; the evaluation can be performed in an upstream process using a test bench equipped with a powertrain system. An upstream test can allow short-period feedback to contribute significantly to shortening the development period.electrified Nissan has developed a unique electrified powertrain system called the e-POWER system. In the upstream process, the tests are conducted on a test bench, wherein a real powertrain system and virtual vehicle system are combined comply with various performance calibrations. In this section, we introduce the test technology, which is referred to as the powertrain virtual real simulator (VRS) system; this system reproduces the driving-vehicle conditions. We describe how front-loading powertrain development improves the quality and shortens the development period.to Vehicle development involves many steps that can be expressed by a V-shaped diagram. Fig. 1 shows a schematic of the powertrain development process. In the upper-left bank, vehicle targets are initially set based on market requirements. Subsequently, the performance of the systems and components is defined, and the components are designed and evaluated. Finally, as shown in the right side of the V-shaped diagram, the systems and components are evaluated, followed by the vehicle. If a defect occurs during vehicle evaluation (a downstream entire development process is considerably delayed. During powertrain development, the entire vehicle development process becomes more efficient as it can help prevent defects during the vehicle evaluation process. Thus, it is important to conduct test bench with a powertrain system for simulating a vehicle driving.Fig. 2 shows the schematic of the VRS test system. The e-POWER system includes an engine and motor for power generation, a motor for driving, an inverter, and a battery. The real powertrain system, which excludes the battery, is installed on a test bench in the laboratory; the power output from the running motor is absorbed by a dynamometer. A model simulating a vehicle is used in the dynamometer control system. The system follows a defined driving mode and simulates the driver, vehicle's travel resistance, and the load that the vehicle receives from the road. Upon receiving the instructions, the powertrain controller controls the running motor to match the required load. In the battery model, the engine is instructed to generate power when the battery capacity development process), the 51power Hidenobu Nakamoto* Koji Hiraya* Hiroyuki Taniai**Vehicle
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